Name: __________________________ Date: _____________


1.
A relatively permanent change in behavior, or behavior potential, as a result of practice or experience is the definition of _____.
A.
learning
B.
conditioning
C.
behavior modification
D.
modeling


2.
When your mouth waters at the sight of a chocolate cake, it is an example of _____.
A.
operant conditioning
B.
social learning
C.
vicarious conditioning
D.
classical conditioning


3.
Suppose a boy learns to fear bees by being stung when he touches a bee. In this situation the unconditioned STIMULUS is the _____.
A.
bee
B.
sting
C.
fear
D.
crying


4.
Suppose a boy learns to fear bees by being stung when he touches a bee. In this situation the unconditioned RESPONSE is the _____.
A.
bee
B.
sting
C.
fear
D.
crying


5.
Once classical conditioning has occurred, the CR may be elicited by stimuli that are similar to the CS.
A.
stimulus generalization
B.
stimulus discrimination
C.
spontaneous conditioning
D.
replication of the effect


6.
Higher order conditioning occurs when a(n) _____.
A.
previously neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned response
B.
neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus
C.
neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
D.
unconditioned response is paired with a conditioned stimulus


7.
In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when the _____.
A.
conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned response
B.
conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
C.
conditioned response is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
D.
unconditioned stimulus is ambiguous


8.
Anything that causes an increase in a response is a(n) _____.
A.
conditioned stimulus
B.
reinforcement
C.
punishment
D.
unconditioned stimulus


9.
Anything that causes a decrease in a response is a(n) _____.
A.
conditioned stimulus
B.
reinforcement
C.
punishment
D.
unconditioned stimulus


10.
Negative reinforcement and punishment are _____.
A.
the same
B.
the best ways to learn a new behavior
C.
not the same because negative reinforcement increases behavior and punishment decreases behavior
D.
not the same, even though they both decrease behavior


11.
Gamblers become addicted to their “sport” as a result of _____.
A.
previously generalized response discrimination
B.
previously extinguished response recovery
C.
partial (intermittent) reinforcement
D.
behavior being learned and not conditioned


12.
If you receive payment for every ten boxes you pack, you are being reinforced on a _____.
A.
continuous schedule of reinforcement
B.
random ratio reinforcement schedule
C.
fixed interval reinforcement schedule
D.
fixed ratio reinforcement schedule


13.
In order for reinforcement or punishment to be effective, it must come _____.
A.
before the behavior
B.
after the behavior
C.
after the unconditioned stimulus
D.
before the unconditioned stimulus


14.
A cue that signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence is known as a _____.
A.
primary reinforcer
B.
negative reinforcer
C.
discriminative stimulus
D.
variable ratio stimulus


15.
Superstitious behavior occurs because _____.
A.
it has been reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule
B.
a person or an animal thinks the behavior causes a reinforcer when in reality the behavior and the reinforcement are not connected
C.
it is reinforced on a random ratio schedule
D.
the behavior and the reinforcement come in close proximity to one another, causing the superstitious behavior to increase in magnitude


16.
Learning that occurs in the absence of a reward and remains hidden until some future time when it can be retrieved is called _____.
A.
latent learning
B.
insight
C.
spontaneous recovery
D.
trial-and-error learning


17.
Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasized _____.
A.
classical conditioning
B.
operant conditioning
C.
extinction
D.
modeling


18.
In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs, salivation was the _____.
A.
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
B.
conditioned response (CR)
C.
unconditioned response (UCR)
D.
both b and c


19.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrated how the emotion of _____ could be classically conditioned.
A.
love
B.
anger
C.
joy
D.
fear


20.
In Watson and Rayner's experiment, what was the neutral stimulus (NS)?
A.
The sight of the experimental room.
B.
A loud noise.
C.
A rabbit.
D.
A rat.


21.
In Watson and Rayner's experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (NS)?
A.
The sight of the experimental room.
B.
A loud noise.
C.
A rabbit.
D.
A rat.


22.
In higher order conditioning, a neutral stimulus is paired with _____.
A.
another neutral stimulus
B.
a previously conditioned stimulus
C.
two or more unconditioned stimuli
D.
two or more unconditioned responses


23.
Spontaneous recovery occurs when _____ suddenly reappears.
A.
your lost wallet
B.
a previously extinguished response
C.
an extinct instinct
D.
a forgotten stimulus-response sequence


24.
_____ are unlearned, usually satisfy a biological need, and increase the probability of a response.
A.
Primary instincts
B.
Secondary instincts
C.
Primary reinforcers
D.
Secondary reinforcers


25.
Insight is _____.
A.
based on unconscious classical conditioning
B.
divinely inspired
C.
a sudden flash of understanding
D.
an artifact of operant conditioning


26.
Latent learning occurs without being rewarded and _____.
A.
remains hidden until a future time when it is needed
B.
is spontaneously recovered
C.
serves no useful purpose
D.
has been found only in nonhuman species


27.
Observational learning theory suggests that we learn many behaviors by _____
A.
imitating others
B.
observing our inner processes
C.
teaching others
D.
shaping our own and others behaviors


28.
“Follow my lead” could be a motto for _____.
A.
classical conditioning
B.
operant conditioning
C.
latent learning
D.
observational learning


29.
In Albert Bandura's classic Bobo doll study, children acted aggressively because _____.
A.
they were rewarded for their behavior
B.
of observational learning
C.
they were positively punished
D.
all of these options


Answer Key

1. A
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. D
20. D
21. D
22. B
23. B
24. C
25. C
26. A
27. A
28. D
29. B